L’high blood pressure represents a major public health issue, affecting a significant proportion of the adult population. Its management requires a methodical approach, integrating both drug interventions and lifestyle changes. It is essential to start with a precise diagnosis of thehypertension, in order to determine appropriate treatments. Current recommendations emphasize the importance of pharmacological treatment, which may include thiazide diuretics, of the calcium channel blockers or ACE inhibitors. At the same time, modifications such as regular practice ofphysical activity and one reduction of salt consumption are vital for optimizing blood pressure control.

High blood pressure (hypertension) is a common but serious condition that requires support appropriate to avoid serious complications. This article examines the different approaches recommended for the treatment of hypertension, including medicinal and non-pharmacological interventions, as well as the importance of regular monitoring.

Diagnosis and confirmation of hypertension

Before starting any antihypertensive treatment, it is essential to confirm the diagnosis of high blood pressure. This usually involves several blood pressure measurements over a period of time. In cases of hypertensive emergency, it may be necessary to start treatment immediately without prior confirmation.

Pharmacological treatments

There modern medicine offers a variety of medications to treat hypertension. Among the most common treatments are:

Thiazide diuretics

These medications help the body eliminate excess sodium and water, which reduces blood volume and, therefore, blood pressure.

Ancestral Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs)

ACE inhibitors are effective in reducing blood pressure by dilating the arteries, which facilitates the passage of blood. They also have a role in kidney protection, particularly in diabetic patients.

Calcium channel blockers

These treatments work by preventing calcium from entering the muscle cells of the arteries, thereby helping to relax them and lower blood pressure.

Lifestyle changes

In addition to drug treatments, lifestyle changes are strongly recommended to control hypertension. The main changes include:

Regular physical activity

Regular exercise, such as walking, swimming or cycling, helps lower blood pressure and improves overall heart health.

Weight management

For overweight people, a weight loss can have a significant impact on blood pressure. Reducing body weight helps reduce the burden on the heart.

Diet

A diet balance, rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains, while limiting salt consumption to a goal of 6 g per day, is essential for the management of hypertension.

Screening and follow-up

Regular monitoring is fundamental in the management of hypertension. This includes periodic medical visits to measure blood pressure, assess the effectiveness of treatment and adapt interventions if necessary.

It is also essential to involve patients in their own treatment using tools such as self-measurement of blood pressure, thus promoting better control of their condition.

Current recommendations

Recommendations for the management of high blood pressure encourage a multidisciplinary approach with particular attention to risk factors cardiovascular. Treatments must be adapted to the patient according to their specific needs and risk profile.